Ĭaffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine, which allows it to bind and block its receptors. Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine to the adenosine A 1 receptor, which enhances release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is mainly used recreationally as a cognitive enhancer, increasing alertness and attentional performance. doi:10.Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. All coffee types decrease the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in chronic liver disease: a UK Biobank study. Kennedy OJ, Fallowfield JA, Poole R, Hayes PC, Parkes J, Roderick PJ. Future studies could test the relationship between coffee and liver disease with more rigorous control of the amount of coffee consumed, and validate the findings in more diverse groups of participants. The authors said they believed this was the first study to probe the effect of different coffee types on CLD outcomes. Between 19, global deaths due to CLD increased from 899,000 to 1.32 million, and disability-adjusted life-years lost to CLD increased from 30.5 million to 41.4 million. The burden of CLD is highest in low to middle-income countries where treatment options are also limited. Participants were predominantly White and from a higher socioeconomic background, so the findings may not be applicable to other countries and populations. Coffee consumption was only recorded at the outset of the study and does not account for any changes in the amount or type of coffee over the decade-long study duration. The observational study had several limitations. The coffee benefit peaked at 3 to 4 cups per day. The report said this indicated that other ingredients, or potentially a combination of ingredients, may be beneficial. Overall, it did not matter whether the coffee was decaffeinated, instant, or ground coffee, although the most benefit was seen in the group who drank ground coffee, which contains high levels of the diterpenes kahweol and cafestol, 2 chemical compounds found in coffee beans which have shown beneficial liver effects in animal studies.Īlthough instant coffee has lower levels of kahweol and cafestol, it also was linked with a lower CLD risk. 49% reduced risk of death from chronic liver disease (95% CI, 0.39–0.67).20% reduced risk of chronic or fatty liver disease (95% CI, 0.75–0.86).21% reduced risk of chronic liver disease (95% CI, 0.72–0.86).Additionally, there were 5439 cases of chronic liver disease or steatosis and 184 cases of HCC.Ĭompared with non-coffee drinkers, coffee drinkers had a: Of the total participants, 78% (384,818) drank ground or instant caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee, while 22% (109,767) did not drink any type of coffee.ĭuring the study period, there were 3600 cases of chronic liver disease, including 301 deaths. The UK Biobank contains the records of about half a million participants recruitment began in 2006 with planned follow-up for at least 30 years. They were followed over a median of 10.7 years to monitor who developed chronic liver disease and related liver conditions. The authors, from the Universities of Southampton and Edinburgh, studied UK Biobank data on 495,585 participants who had a history of coffee consumption. In this report, they sought to determine the effects of different types of coffee, which contains hundreds of chemical compounds. The study, published last month in BMC Public Health, was conducted by researchers who noted that previous studies have indicated that drinkers of caffeinated coffee (and, to a lesser extent, decaf drinkers) appear to be somewhat shielded from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A recent report said all types of coffee-ground, instant, caffeinated, or decaffeinated-are protective against chronic liver disease, a problem that is increasing worldwide.
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